As an F-1 student, working in the U.S. can help you gain experience, meet people, and earn extra money. However, you must follow specific rules to maintain your F-1 status. Here’s a quick guide to your options:
On-Campus Employment
F-1 students can work on campus for up to 20 hours per week during the school year and full-time during breaks (like summer or winter holidays). Jobs might include roles in the library, dining spaces, or university and department offices.
- No special authorization is needed, but you must stay enrolled full-time and make academic progress.
- Working more than 20 hours a week during the term requires authorization.
Off-Campus Employment: Curricular Practical Training (CPT)
If you’re considering an off-campus internship or practicum, you need authorization. Curricular Practical Training (CPT) lets you gain work experience in your field of study. Generally, you must be enrolled for at least one academic year before you’re eligible for CPT (unless you’re a grad student whose program requires it right away). CPT must be approved by both your academic advisor and ISS.
Other Off-Campus Employment Options
Beyond CPT, you have two other options for off-campus work:
- Pre-Completion Optional Practical Training (OPT): OPT allows you to work in your field either during or after your program. You can apply for 12 months of OPT for each education level (Bachelor’s, Master’s, Ph.D.). Using Pre-Completion OPT while still in school will reduce your available time for Post-Completion OPT, which is used after graduation. OPT requires USCIS approval, so apply early.
- Severe Economic Hardship Employment Authorization: In rare cases, if you face severe, unexpected financial difficulties, you can apply for this authorization from USCIS. You must be in F-1 status for at least one academic year and prove your need for financial support.
Things to Remember
Working without proper authorization is a serious violation of your F-1 status. If you’re unsure whether a job is allowed, always check with your International Student Advisor to avoid problems with your immigration status. To learn more about a specific work authorization, you can attend an ISS Information Session.